Introduction:
Sistan-o-Baluchestan Province is one of
the largest provinces of Iran located in South East of the country.
This province is neighboring from north with Khorasan, from
south with the Oman Sea, from east with Afghanistan and Pakistan
and from west with Kerman and Hormuzgan Provinces. This province
has 1180 km of border with Afghanistan and Pakistan and Malek-Siah
Mountain is the bordering point among Iran and these two countries.
Total area of this province is 181 578 square km which is 9.1
percent of the country.
Mountains:
Mountains of this province are a part
of Central Mountains of Iran and include mountains in the eastern
part of Loot flat area and mountain of eastern and southern
heights of Jazmourian flat area. These mountains are not serial
and connected everywhere. The width of mountainous areas increase
from North to South and near Iranshahr and Kouhak reaches to
its Maximum.
Deserts & Deltas:
Desert of Sistan
This area is one of the Iranian Flats
with 475 to 500 meter of height which is flooded with sediments
of Hirmand and flooding rivers of the area.
Deserts & Deltas distributed in Baluchestan
Area:
From this group we can name Bampore flat,
flats around Sarbaz River, Delta of Dashtiari in Chah-bahar
Area and Coastal Deltas near the Oman Sea.
Weather:
As we know, Centeral Flat area of Iran
has a unique ecology but wind direction and distribution of
mountains are key factors that give the area various identities.
In spite of this fact, we can say that the weather in this area
is like Arid areas and Sahara.
Maximum Precipitation in Khash and Zahedan is in average 120
mm and Minimum is for Zabol with 51 mm in average. With comparing
these two and average precipitation of the country which is
200 to 250 mm, one can see the small volume of precipitation
in this province. In this regard, Sistan-o-Baluchestan is considered
the most arid area of the country.
Temperature:
In all Sistan-o-Baluchestan Cities, the
Maximum temperature is over 40 degree and the difference between
fluctuation of temperature in Summer and Winter is considerable
even in the same day. Except coastal areas of the Oman Sea in
which humidity is high, the fluctuation in temperature is high.
The coldest part is Zahedan and the warmest is Iranshahr.
Winds:
A- winds of Sistan of which 120-days winds
are famous and known as LAVAR, Ghose wind and Seventh wind -
Gawkosh winds- are the most important winds of Sistan area that
we must mention them.
B- Winds of Baluchestan: Nambi wind or south wind, Hooshak wind,
humid winds of Indian Ocean known as Monsoon, Goorich winds
known as Shomal winds, Southwest winds are the most important
winds in Baluchestan area.
Water
resources:
A - Sistan Area:
1) Hirmand or Helmand River which is the main river to Sistan
area and starts from BABA Yaghma Mountains and after passing
1050 km enters Hamoun Lake. Hirmand is divided in two parts
at Gorike on the border of Iran and Afghanistan.
2) Nimeh Well Resources These resources are located in south
of Sistan and beside agriculture purposes can be used for fish
culture.
B - Baluchestan Area:
1) On the ground water resources of Baluchestan: include seasonal
flooding rivers but other rivers like Bampour, Sarbaz and Kajou
are available all year. Other rivers of the Baluchestan area
are Mashkil, Kahir, Gargru.
2) Underground Water resources of Baluchestan
Lakes:
A) Lake Hamoon:
This lake is located in North and North east of Sistan Flat
and has three different parts called Hamoon Saberi, Hamoon Poozak,
Hamoon Hirmand. Although this lake can be used as a good water
resource during winter but its main importance relies on usage
of it for fish culture and fish catch. Hamoon Lake is fed by
rivers like Sistan, Khash, Khoos pass, Haroot, Khoshk River
and some other small rivers from Afghanistan.
Aquatic plants covering Hamoon are from different families like
grass and algae. Also, aquatic plants found in the lake sides
are Halophyte and Kezerophyte.
Aquatic animals found in the Hamoon lake are Freshwater Mollusks,
phytoplankton, and different endogenous and exogenous fishes
like Carp, Grass Carp, Gig Head and Kambozia.
B) Jazmourian Lake:
This lake is seasonal and is located in west of Baluchestan
and half of it is in Kerman Province of Iran.
C) Mashkil Lake:
This lake is near the border of Iran and Pakistan and rivers
flowing into it are Mashkil, Simich and Rookta.
(from Official Website of Fisheries Management of Sistan Area)
Source:
Iran Fishereies website
|
